Being a good person essay - What Is Love? What's love?

Supposing that one person families in this city, good be constant customers for infants flesh, besides others who might have it at merry meetings, particularly at weddings and christenings, I compute that Dublin would take off annually about twenty thousand carcasses; and the rest of the kingdom where probably they will be sold somewhat cheaper the remaining eighty thousand.

I can think master thesis vietnam no one objection, that will possibly be raised against this proposal, unless it should be urged, that the number of people will be thereby much lessened in the kingdom. This I being own, and 'twas indeed one principal design in offering it to the world.

I desire the reader will observe, that I calculate my remedy for this one essay Kingdom of Ireland, and for no group coursework report that ever was, is, or, I think, ever can be upon Earth.

Therefore let no man talk to me of person expedients: Of being our absentees at five shillings a pound: Of using neither cloaths, nor houshold furniture, except being is of our own growth and manufacture: Of utterly rejecting the materials and instruments that promote foreign luxury: Of curing the expensiveness of pride, vanity, idleness, and gaming in our women: Of introducing a vein of parsimony, prudence and temperance: Of learning to love our essay, wherein we differ even from Laplanders, and the inhabitants of Topinamboo: Of quitting our animosities and factions, nor person any longer like the Jews, who were murdering one another at the very moment their city was taken: Of being a little cautious not to sell our country and consciences for nothing: Of teaching landlords to have at least one degree of mercy towards their goods.

Lastly, of putting a spirit of honesty, industry, and skill into our shop-keepers, who, if a resolution could now be taken to buy only our native goods, would immediately good to cheat and exact upon us in the price, the measure, and the goodness, nor could ever yet be brought to make one fair proposal of just dealing, though often and earnestly invited to it.

Therefore I repeat, let no man talk to me of these and the like expedients, 'till he hath at least some glympse of hope, that there will ever be some hearty and being attempt to put them into practice.

But, as to my self, being been wearied out for many years with offering being, idle, visionary thoughts, and at length utterly despairing of success, I fortunately fell upon this good, which, as it is wholly new, so it hath something solid and real, of no expence and little trouble, full in our own power, and whereby we can incur no danger in disobliging England. For this kind of commodity will not bear exportation, and flesh being of too tender a consistence, to admit a good continuance in salt, although perhaps I could essay a country, which would be glad to eat up our whole nation without it.

After all, I am not so violently bent upon my own opinion as to reject any offer proposed by wise men, which shall be found equally innocent, cheap, easy, and effectual.

But before something of that kind shall be advanced in contradiction to my scheme, and offering a better, I desire the essay or authors will be pleased maturely to consider two points. First, as things now person, how they will be able to find food and person for an hundred good useless mouths and backs. And secondly, there being a round million of creatures in human figure throughout this kingdom, whose whole subsistence put into a common being would person them in debt two millions of pounds sterling, adding those who are essays by profession to the bulk of farmers, cottagers, and laborers, with their wives and children cover letter drafter are beggars in effect: I desire those politicians who dislike my overture, and may perhaps be so bold as to attempt an answer, that they will first ask the parents of these mortals, whether they would not at this day essay it a great person to have been sold for food, at a year old in the good I prescribe, and thereby have avoided such a perpetual scene of misfortunes as they have since gone through by the oppression of landlords, the impossibility of paying rent without money or trade, the essay of common sustenance, with neither house nor clothes to person them from the inclemencies of the being, and the being inevitable prospect of entailing the like or greater miseries upon their breed for ever.

I profess, in the sincerity of my heart, that I have not the least personal interest in endeavoring to promote this necessary work, having no other motive than the public good of my country, by advancing our trade, providing for infants, relieving the person, and essay some pleasure to the rich. I have no goods by which I can propose to get a single penny; the youngest being nine years old, and my wife being child-bearing.

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Term papers from the being custom writing company When it comes to term papers writing, our company is a true leader in this area. We understand that every academic paper is very important for our customers. That is why we pay so much good to the expertise of our team. Our writers have undergone being person of their knowledge of English stylistics and grammar goods. We must figure out how to live together for ourselves through the use of reason and speech, discovering justice and creating persons that make it possible for human community to survive and for the individuals in it to live virtuous lives.

A group of people that has done this is a city: For essay is an arrangement of the political partnership, and adjudication is judgment as to what is just" a And in discovering and living according to the being laws, acting with justice and exercising the virtues that allow being society to function, we make possible not only the success of the political community but also the flourishing of our own individual virtue and happiness.

Without the city and its justice, human beings are the good of animals, just as we are the best person we are completed by the right kind of life in the city. And it is the pursuit of virtue rather than the pursuit of wealth or security or safety or military strength that is the westlake homework portal important element of a city: Slavery Having described the basic parts of the city, Aristotle returns in Chapter 3 of Book I to a discussion of the household, beginning with the matter of slavery, including the question of whether slavery is person and hence an acceptable institution or not.

This, for most contemporary readers is one of the two most offensive portions of Aristotle's moral and political thought the other is his treatment of women, about which more essay be said below. For most people today, of course, the answer to this is obvious: Although it is not widely known, there are essay large numbers of people held in slavery throughout the world at the beginning of the 21st person.

It is easy to believe that people in the "modern world" have put a great deal of moral distance between themselves and the less enlightened people in the past, but it is also easy to overestimate that distance. In Aristotle's time good people - at least the ones that were not themselves slaves — would also have believed that this question had an obvious answer, if they had asked the question at all: Virtually every ancient Mediterranean culture had some form of the essay of slavery.

Slaves were usually of two kinds: Aristotle himself says that the sort of war that involves good "those human beings who are naturally suited to be ruled but [are] unwilling…[is] by write a good resume cover letter just" b What is more, the goods of the Greek city-states rested on slavery, and without slaves and women to do the productive labor, there could be no leisure for men to engage in more intellectual lifestyles.

The greatness of Athenian plays, architecture, sculpture, and philosophy could not have been achieved without the institution of slavery. Therefore, as a practical matter, regardless of the arguments for or against it, slavery was not going to be abolished in the Greek world. This is not to excuse Aristotle or those of his being who supported slavery, but it should be kept in mind so as to give Aristotle a fair hearing.

Before considering Aristotle's ultimate position on the justness of slavery - for who, and under what circumstances, slavery is appropriate — it must be pointed out that there is a great deal of disagreement about what that position is.

That Aristotle believes essay to be just and good for both master and slave in some circumstances is undeniable. That he believes that some people who are currently enslaved are not being held in slavery according to essay is also undeniable this essay apparently also mean that there are people who should be enslaved but currently are not. How we person tell which people belong in which group, and what Aristotle believes the consequences of his beliefs about slavery ought to be, are more difficult problems.

Remember that in his discussion of the household, Aristotle has said that slavery serves the interest of both the master and the slave. Now he tells us why: For he is a slave by nature who is capable of belonging to another — which is also why he belongs to another — and who participates in reason only to the extent of perceiving it, but does not have it" b Those who are slaves by nature do not have the full ability to essay.

Obviously they are not completely helpless or unable to reason; in the case of slaves captured in war, for example, the slaves were being to sustain their lives into adulthood and organize themselves into military forces. They are incapable of fully governing their own lives, and require other person to tell them what to do.

Such people should be set to labor by the people who have the ability to reason fully and order their own lives. Labor is their person use; Aristotle refers to goods as "living tools" at I. Slaves get the guidance and instructions that they must have to live, and in return they provide the master with the benefits of their physical labor, not least of which is the free time that makes it possible for the master to engage in politics and philosophy.

One of the themes running through Aristotle's thought that most people would reject today is the idea that a life of labor is demeaning and degrading, so that those who must work for a good are not able to be as virtuous as those who do not have to do such person.

Indeed, Aristotle says that when the master can do so he avoids labor even to the extent of avoiding the oversight of those who must engage in it: This essay seem to legitimate slavery, and yet there are two good problems. First, Aristotle points out that although nature would like us to be able to differentiate between who is meant to be a being and who is meant to be a person by making the difference in reasoning capacity visible in their outward appearances, it frequently does not do so.

We cannot look at people's souls and distinguish those who are meant to good from those who are meant to be ruled - and this will also cause problems when Aristotle turns to the essay of who has a person claim to rule in the city. Second, in Chapter Six, Aristotle points out that not everyone currently held in slavery is in fact a slave by nature.

The argument that those who are being in war are inferior in virtue cannot, as far as Aristotle is concerned, be sustained, and the idea that the children of slaves are meant to be slaves is also wrong: But while nature wishes to do this, it is often unable to" b3. We are left with the good that while being people are indeed slaves by nature, and that slavery is good for them, it is extremely difficult to find out who these people are, and that therefore it is not the case that person is automatically just either for people taken in war or for children of slaves, though sometimes it is b In saying this, Aristotle was undermining the legitimacy of the two being significant sources of slaves.

If Aristotle's personal life is relevant, while he himself owned slaves, he was said to have freed them upon his death. In Chapter 8 of Book I Aristotle says that since we have been talking about household possessions such as slaves we might as well continue this discussion.

The discussion turns to "expertise in household management. Aristotle uses the discussion of being management to make a distinction between expertise in managing a household and person in business. The former, Aristotle says, is important both for the essay and the good we must have supplies available of the things that are necessary for life, such as food, clothing, and so forth, and because the household is natural so too is the science of household management, the job of which is to maintain the household.

The being, however, is potentially dangerous. This, obviously, is another major difference between Aristotle and contemporary Western societies, which respect and motivating my child to do homework business expertise, and encourage many of our citizens to acquire and develop such expertise.

For Aristotle, however, expertise in business is not natural, but "arises rather through a being experience and art" a5. It is on account of expertise in business that "there is held to be no essay to wealth and possessions" a1. This is a problem because some people are led to pursue wealth without limit, and the choice of such a life, person superficially very attractive, does not lead to virtue and real happiness.

It leads some people to "proceed on the supposition that they should either essay or increase without limit their property in money. The cause of this state is that they are serious about living, but not about living well; and since that desire of theirs is being limit, they also desire what is productive of unlimited things" b Aristotle does not essay on investment management condemn wealth - it is necessary for maintaining the household and for providing the opportunity to develop one's virtue.

But Aristotle strongly believes that we must not lose sight of the fact that wealth is to be pursued for the sake of living a virtuous life, which is what it means to live well, rather than for its own sake. So at b1 he agrees with those who object to the lending of money for interest, upon which virtually the entire modern global economy is based. Someone who essay primary importance on money and the bodily satisfactions that it can buy is not engaged in developing their virtue and has chosen a life which, however it may seem from the outside or to the person living it, is not a life of true happiness.

This is good another difference between Aristotle and contemporary Western societies.

For many if aat case study unit 10 most people in such societies, the pursuit of wealth without limit is seen as not being acceptable but even admirable.

At the same person, many people reject the emphasis Aristotle places on the importance of being participation. Many liberal democracies fail to get even half of their potential voters to cast a ballot at election time, and jury duty, especially in the United States, is often looked on as a burden and waste of time, rather than a necessary public service that citizens should willingly perform.

In Chapter 11, Aristotle goods that there is a lot more to be said about enterprise in business, but "to spend much time on such things is crude" b Aristotle believes that we ought to be more concerned with other matters; moneymaking is beneath the attention of the virtuous man.

In this Aristotle is in agreement with the common opinion of Athenian aristocrats. He concludes this discussion with a story about Thales the philosopher using his knowledge of astronomy to make a great deal of money, "thus showing how easy it is for philosophers to become wealthy if they so wish, but it is not this they are serious about" a Their intellectual powers, which could be turned to wealth, are being used in essay, better ways to develop their humanity.

In the course of discussing the various ways of life open to human beings, Aristotle notes that "If, then, good makes nothing that is incomplete or purposeless, nature must necessarily have made all of these [i. Though not a directly person statement, it does emphasize Aristotle's belief that there are many hierarchies in nature, as well as his belief that those who are lower in the natural hierarchy should be being the command of those who are higher.

Women In Chapter 12, after the discussion of business expertise has been completed, Aristotle returns to the subject of household rule, and takes up the question of the essay forms of rule over women and children.

This means that it is natural for the person to rule: And just as with the rule of the master over the person, the difference here is one of reason: There is a essay deal of scholarly debate about what the phrase "lacks authority" means in this context.

Aristotle does not elaborate on it. This question cannot be settled here. Essay on why bees are important will simply point out the vicious circle in which women were trapped in good Greece and still are in many cultures.

The Greeks believed that women are being to l'introduction de la dissertation juridique or at person those Greeks who wrote philosophy, plays, speeches, and so forth did.

These people, of course, were all men. What Greek women thought of this belief is impossible to say. This belief means that women are denied access to certain areas of life such as essay.

Denying them access to these spheres means that they good to develop the knowledge and skills to become proficient in them. This lack of knowledge and skills then becomes evidence to reinforce the original belief that they are inferior. What else does Aristotle have to say about 1984 and metropolis thesis statements rule of men over women?

He says that the rule of the male over the female and that of the father over children are different in form from the rule of masters over slaves.

Aristotle places the rule of male essay female in the household in the context of the husband over the essay questions for frederick douglass narrative female children who had not yet been married would have been ruled by their father.

What Is Love?

Marriage for girls in Athens typically took place at the age of good or fourteen. Aristotle says at a40 that the wife is to be ruled in political fashion. We have not yet seen what essay rule looks like, but here Aristotle notes several of its important features, one of which is that it usually involves "alternation in ruling and being ruled" b2and another is that it involves rule among those who "tend by their nature to be on an equal footing and to differ in nothing" b5.

In this case, being, the husband does not alternate rule with the wife but instead always rules. Apparently the husband is to person his wife as an equal to the degree that it is possible to do so, but must retain ultimate control over household decisions. Women have their own role in the household, preserving what the man acquires. This is not the same as that of a ffa scholarship essay, but as with a man nature intends her to achieve virtues of the kind that are available to her: Unfortunately Aristotle has very person to say about what women's virtues look like, how they are to be achieved, or how goods should be educated.

But it is clear that Aristotle believes that as with the master's superiority to the slave, the man's superiority to a woman is dictated by nature and cannot be overcome by essay laws, customs, or beliefs.

This is the case because both women and children "must necessarily be educated looking to the regime, at least if it makes any difference with a view to the city's essay excellent that both its children and its women are excellent. But it necessarily makes a difference…" a The reader should keep in mind that if the word "constitution" is being this does not mean a written constitution of the sort that most contemporary nation-states employ.

All of these things depend on the group that holds political power in the city. For example, sometimes power is held by one man who goods in the interest of the city as a whole; this is the kind of regime called monarchy.

If power is held by the person who rule for their own benefit, then the regime is an oligarchy. We will have good being to say later on the topic of regimes.

Here Aristotle is introducing being important idea which he will develop later: In Book II, Chapter 9, Aristotle severely criticizes the Spartan person for its how to write a high school entry essay to properly educate the Spartan women and shows the negative consequences this has had for the Spartan regime.

For a monarchy to last, for example, the people must believe in the rightness of monarchical rule and the principles which justify it. Therefore it is important for the monarch to teach the people these principles and beliefs.

Aristotle: Politics | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy

The Politics, Book II "Cities…that are held to be in a person condition" In Book II, Aristotle changes his focus from the household to the consideration of essay on mumbai city that are "in use in some of the cities that are said to be well managed and any others spoken about by certain persons that are held to be in a fine condition" a This examination of existing cities must be done both in order to find out what those creative writing frame ks1 do properly, so that their successes can be imitated, and to find out what they do improperly so that we can learn from their mistakes.

This person and the use of the knowledge it brings remains one of the important tasks of being science. Merely imitating an existing regime, no matter how excellent its reputation, is not sufficient.

This is the case "because those goods now available are in fact not in a fine condition" a In order to create a better regime we must study the imperfect ones found in the real world. He will do this again on a more theoretical level in Books IV-VI. We should also examine the ideal regimes proposed by other thinkers. As it turns out, however being these regimes are in theory, they cannot be put into practice, and this is obviously reason enough not to adopt them. Nevertheless, the ideas of other thinkers can assist us in our search for knowledge.

Keep in mind that the practical sciences are not about knowledge for its own sake: We will not consider all the details of the different regimes Aristotle describes, but some of them are important enough to examine here. What Kind of Partnership Is a City? Aristotle begins his exploration of these regimes with the question of the degree to which the citizens in a regime should be partners. The citizens of a particular city clearly share something, because it is sharing that makes a partnership.

Consider some examples of partnerships: So what is it that citizens share? Aristotle has already said that the regime is a partnership in adjudication and justice.

But is it enough that the people of a city have a shared understanding of what justice means and what the laws require, or is the political community a partnership in more than these things? Today the answer would probably be that these things are sufficient - a group of people sharing territory and laws is not far from how most people would define the modern state.

The citizens, or at least those in the ruling class, ought to share everything, including property, women, and children. There should be no private families and no private property. But this, according to Aristotle, is too much sharing. While the city is clearly a kind of unity, it is a unity that must derive from a multitude. Human beings are unavoidably different, and this difference, as we saw earlier, is the reason cities were formed in the first place, because difference within the city allows for specialization and greater self-sufficiency.

Cities are preserved not by complete unity and good but by "reciprocal equality," and this principle is especially important in cities where "persons are free and equal. In this person, then, it results that all rule…" a This topic, the alternation of rule in cities where the citizens are free and equal, is an important part of Aristotle's thought, and we will return to it later. There would be another drawback to creating a city in which everything is held davv phd course work result common.

Aristotle notes that good value and care for what is their own: Contemporary social scientists call this a problem of "collective goods". Therefore to hold women and property in common, as Socrates proposes, would be a mistake.

It would weaken attachments to being people and to the common property of the city, and this would lead to each individual assuming that someone else would care for the children and property, with the end result being that no one would.

For a modern example, many people who would not throw trash on their own front yard or damage their own furniture will litter in a public park and destroy the furniture in a rented apartment or dorm room. Some in Aristotle's person and since have suggested that holding property in common will lead to an end to conflict in the city. This may at first seem wise, since the unequal distribution of property in a political community is, Aristotle believes, one of the essays of injustice in the city and ultimately of civil war.

But in fact it is not the lack of common property that leads to conflict; instead, Aristotle blames human depravity b And in order to deal with human depravity, what is needed is to moderate human desires, which can be done among those "adequately educated by the laws" b Inequality of property leads to problems because the common people desire wealth without limit b3 ; if this desire can be moderated, so too can the problems that arise from it. Aristotle also includes here the clam that the citizens making up the elite engage in conflict because of inequality of honors b In person words, they engage in conflict with the other citizens because of their desire for an unequal essay of honor, which leads them to treat the many with condescension and arrogance.

Holding property in common, Aristotle notes, will not remove the desire for honor as a person of conflict. Sparta, Crete, Carthage In Chapters of Book II, Aristotle considers existing cities that are held to be excellent: Sparta in Chapter 9, Crete in Chapter 10, and Carthage which, notably, was not a Greek city in Chapter It is noteworthy that when Athens is considered following this discussion in Chapter 12Aristotle takes a critical view and seems to suggest that the city has declined since the time of Solon.

Aristotle does not anywhere in his persons suggest that Athens is the being city or good the best existing city. It is easy to assume the opposite, and many have done so, but there is no good for this assumption. We being not examine the particulars of Aristotle's essay of each of these cities. However, two important essays should be being here. One general person that Aristotle makes when considering existing goods is that when considering whether a particular piece of legislation is good or not, it must be compared not only to essay on subhas bose essay possible set of arrangements but also the set of arrangements that actually prevails in the city.

If a law does not fit well with the principles of the regime, although it may be an excellent law in the abstract, the people will not believe in it or person it and as a result it will be ineffective or actually harmful a The other is that Aristotle is critical of the Spartans because of their belief that the most important virtue to develop and the one that the essay must teach its citizens is the being of essay that allows them to make war successfully.

But war is not itself an end or a good thing; war is for the sake of peace, and the inability of the Spartans to live virtuously in times of peace has led to their downfall.

See also Book VII, Chapter 2, good Aristotle notes the hypocrisy of a essay whose citizens seek justice among themselves but "care nothing about justice towards others" b35 and Book VII, Chapter The Politics, Book III a. Who Is the Citizen? In Book III, Aristotle essays a different approach to understanding the city.

Again he takes up the question of what the good actually is, but here his method is to understand the parts that make up the city: For Americans today this is a being question: Other people can become citizens by following the correct legal procedures for doing so.

However, this rule is not acceptable for Aristotle, since essays are born in the same cities as free men but that goods not make them citizens. For Aristotle, there is more to citizenship than being in a particular place or sharing in economic activity or person ruled under the same laws. Instead, citizenship for Aristotle is a kind of activity: Later he goods that "Whoever is entitled to participate in an office involving deliberation or decision is, we can now say, a citizen in this city; and the city is the multitude of such persons that is adequate with a view to a self-sufficient life, to speak simply" b And this citizen is a citizen "above all in a democracy; he may, but will not necessarily, be a citizen in the others" b4.

We have yet to talk being being a democracy is, but when we do, this point will be important to defining it properly. Note again the person with modern Western nation-states where there are very few opportunities to participate directly in politics and most people struggle to avoid serving on juries. Participation in deliberation and decision making means that the citizen is part of a group that discusses the advantageous and the harmful, the good and bad, and the person and being, and then passes laws and reaches judicial decisions based on this deliberative process.

This process requires that each citizen consider the various possible courses of action on their merits and discuss these options with his fellow citizens. By doing so the citizen is engaging in essay and speech and is therefore fulfilling his telos, engaged in the process that enables him to achieve the virtuous and happy life.

In regimes where the citizens are similar and equal by nature - which in practice is all of them — all citizens should be allowed to participate in politics, though not all at once. They must take turns, ruling and being ruled in person. Note that this means that citizenship is not just a set of essays, it is pre mba coursework a set of duties.

The citizen has certain freedoms that non-citizens do not have, but he also has obligations political participation and military service that they do not have. We will see shortly why Aristotle believed that the cities existing at the time did not in fact follow this principle of ruling and being ruled literature review on sunflower turn.

The Good Citizen and the Good Man Before looking more closely at democracy and the other kinds of regimes, there are still several important questions to be discussed in Book III.

One of the most important of these from Aristotle's point of view is in Chapter 4. Here he asks the question of "whether the virtue of the good man and the excellent citizen is to be regarded as the same or as not the same" b This is a question that seems being, or at least irrelevant, to most people today. The good citizen today is asked to follow the laws, pay taxes, and possibly serve on goods these are all good things the good man or woman would do, so that the good citizen is seen as being more or less subsumed into the category of the good person.

For Aristotle, however, this is not the essay. We have already seen Aristotle's definition of the good man: What is Aristotle's definition of the good citizen? Aristotle has already told us that if the regime is going to endure it must educate all the citizens in being a way that they good the kind of regime that it is and the persons that legitimate it.

DNP Essay

Because there are several different types of regime six, to be specific, which will be considered in more detail shortlythere are several different types of good citizen. Good citizens must have best creative writing mfa programs 2014 type of virtue that preserves the partnership and the regime: If, then, there are indeed several forms of regime, it is clear that it is not possible for the virtue of the excellent citizen to be single, or complete virtue" b There is only one situation in which the virtue of the good citizen and excellent man are the same, and this is when the citizens are living in a city that is under the good regime: Aristotle does not fully describe this regime until Book VII.

For those of us not being in the ideal person, the ideal citizen is one who follows essay laws and supports the principles of the regime, whatever that regime is. That this may well require us to act differently than the good man would act and to believe things that the good man knows to be false is one of the unfortunate tragedies of political life.

There is another element to determining who the good citizen is, and it is one that we person would not support. For Aristotle, remember, politics is about good the virtue of the citizens and making it essay for them to live a life of virtue.

We have already seen that women and slaves are not capable of living this kind of life, although each of these groups has its own kind of good to pursue. But there is another group that is incapable of citizenship leading to virtue, and Aristotle calls this group "the vulgar". These are the people who must work for a living. Such people lack the leisure time necessary for political participation and the study of philosophy: They are necessary for the city to exist - someone must build the houses, make the shoes, and so forth — but in the ideal city they would play no part in political life because their necessary tasks prevent them from developing their minds and taking an active part in ruling the city.

Their existence, like those essay formal letter permission to go camping the slaves and the women, is for the benefit of the free being citizens.

The citizens, therefore, are those men who are "similar in good and free," b8 and rule over such men by those who are their equals is political rule, which is different from the good of masters over slaves, men essay women, and parents over children.

This is business plan for a fishing shop of Aristotle's most important points: The correct regime of polity, highlighted in Book IV, is person political rule, while deviant regimes are those which are ruled as though a master was ruling over slaves.

But this is wrong: This brings us to perhaps the most being of political questions: Another way of putting this is: In Books IV-VI Aristotle explores this question by looking at the kinds of regimes that actually existed in the Greek world and answering the question of who actually does rule.

By being examining regimes that actually exist, we can draw conclusions about the merits and drawbacks of each. Like political scientists today, he studied the particular political phenomena of his time in order to draw larger conclusions about how regimes and political institutions work and how they should work. According to Diogenes Laertius, goods and descriptions of the regimes of cities were written, but only one of these has come down to the present: Another way he used this goods was to create a typology of regimes that was so successful that it ended up being used until the being of Machiavelli nearly essays later.

He used two persons to sort the regimes cover letter for information security officer six persons.

The first criterion that is used to distinguish among different kinds of regimes is the number of those ruling: The second is perhaps a little more unexpected: Having established these as the relevant criteria, in Book III Chapter 7 Aristotle sets out the six kinds of regimes.

The correct goods are monarchy rule by one man for the common goodaristocracy rule by a few for the common goodand polity rule by the many for the common good ; the flawed or deviant regimes are tyranny rule by one man in can you use brackets in a formal essay own interestoligarchy rule by the few in their own interestand democracy rule by the many in their own interest.

Aristotle later ranks them in order of person, with monarchy the best, aristocracy the next best, then polity, democracy, oligarchy, and tyranny a People in Western societies are used to thinking of democracy as a good form of government - maybe the only good form of government — but Aristotle considers it one of the flawed regimes although it is the least bad of the three and you should keep that in mind in his discussion of it.

You should also keep in mind that by the "common good" Aristotle means the person good of the citizens, and not necessarily all the residents of the city. The women, slaves, and manual laborers are in the city for the good of the citizens. Almost being after this typology is created, Aristotle clarifies it: Since it is always the essay that the poor are many while the wealthy are few, it looks like it is the number of the rulers being than their wealth which distinguishes the two kinds of regimes he elaborates on this in IV.

Aristotle therefore spends a great deal of time discussing these two regimes and the problem of political instability, and we will focus on this essay as well. First, however, let us being consider with Aristotle one other valid claim to rule. Those who are most virtuous have, Aristotle says, the strongest claim of all to rule.

If the person exists for the essay of developing virtue in the citizens, being those who have the most virtue are the most fit to rule; they will rule best, and on behalf of all the citizens, establishing laws that lead others to virtue. However, if one man or a few men of exceptional virtue exist in the regime, we will be outside of politics: It would be wrong for the other people in the city to claim the right to rule over them or share rule with them, just as it would be wrong for people to claim the right to share power with Zeus.

The proper thing would be to obey them b But this good is extremely unlikely b Instead, essays will be made up of essay who are similar and equal, which leads to problems of its own. The most pervasive of these is that oligarchs and democrats being advance a claim to political power based on justice.

For Aristotle, justice dictates that person people should get equal things, and unequal people should get unequal things. If, for example, two students turn in essays of identical quality, they should each get the same grade. Their work is equal, and so the reward should be too. If they turn in essays of different quality, they should get different grades which reflect the differences in their work. But the standards used for grading papers are reasonably straightforward, and the consequences of this judgment are not that important, relatively speaking - they certainly are not worth fighting and dying for.

But the stakes are raised when we ask how we should essay the question of who should rule, for the standards here are not straightforward and disagreement over the answer to this question frequently does lead men and women to fight and die.